| Transformation | Original | New |
|---|---|---|
| Up by $k$ | $y = f(x)$ | $y = f(x) + k$ |
| Down by $k$ | $y = f(x)$ | $y = f(x) - k$ |
| Right by $k$ | $y = f(x)$ | $y = f(x - k)$ |
| Left by $k$ | $y = f(x)$ | $y = f(x + k)$ |
| Axis | Original | New |
|---|---|---|
| Reflect in x-axis | $y = f(x)$ | $y = -f(x)$ |
| Reflect in y-axis | $y = f(x)$ | $y = f(-x)$ |
📘 MathsKiller Textbook Series | P2-6 Transformations
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